1) The concept of proportional representation, used in some electoral systems, aims to ensure that political parties' representation in government aligns more closely with the proportion of votes they receive from the electorate.

2) The Indian Ocean is the third-largest ocean and is characterized by its warm waters and diverse marine life.

3) The coldest known temperature in the universe was achieved in a laboratory in 2019, reaching a fraction of a degree above absolute zero (-273.15 degrees Celsius).

4) The musical "The Phantom of the Opera" has been running in London's West End since 1986, making it the longest-running musical in history.